The latter, he became one of the ministers with the best performance in the first 100 days of President Joko Widodo. However, will the welfare of fishermen and fishing workers improved?
It is too early to judge whether the new policies are implemented at this time will be effective in improving the welfare of subsistence fishermen.
Which can be seen only limited potential for change that is driven by government policy intervention. One of them, a ban on the use of trawl fishing gear, drag and rigger, through the Minister of Marine Affairs and Fisheries No. 2 of 2015.
Thanks to this policy, a number of traditional fishing catches began to increase. For example, experienced by small fishermen in Labuhan Deli, North Sumatra. Once a small fishing boat, they could bring home hundreds of kilograms of squid, shrimp kelong, snapper and grouper, as well as others.
Capture fisheries production in North Sumatra is suspected in a declining phase. Can be seen from the Central Statistics Agency (BPS), which records the results of fisheries in this region fell 7,800 tonnes (1.4 percent) in 2013.
When compared with other provinces, North Sumatra was not the worst. In the same period, there were three provinces tangkapnya fisheries production fell by more than 10,000 tons. It is the third province of Central Java, Southeast Sulawesi, and Jakarta. Impairment in the production of the three provinces was 63,000 tons.
Actually, capture fisheries production in recent years is likely to increase. During the year 2009-2013, fish production increased by an average of 5.6 percent per year. The decline in production in some areas can be compensated by an increase in other areas. By doing so, the national fisheries production remained stable growth.
Welfare of fishermen
Productivity is a prerequisite improving the welfare of fishermen. However, it does not automatically boost the welfare of fishermen. Statistics show that, despite the increased productivity of national fisheries, fishermen exchange rate (NTN) declined in recent years.After reaching a peak with the value of 106.24 in 2011, NTN, as one indicator of the welfare of fishermen, back down to 105.27 in 2013. This shows an increase in production is not always positively correlated with the welfare of fishermen.
One of the factors supporting the welfare of fishermen is how they can "catch" operating surplus from this activity. Based on the data input-output projection BPS 2008, the fisheries sector operating surplus reached 76.6 percent. The operating surplus is the value of economic activity in certain sectors are allocated to business owners.
When compared with an average surplus of the overall business sector amounted to 58.7 percent, business owners in the fisheries sector enjoy a relatively great results.
With a gross domestic product (GDP) of the fisheries sector in 2013 amounted to Rp 291.8 trillion, the owner of the business in this sector received more than three-quarters section. While fishing laborers or workers only earn less than a fifth.
These conditions indicate that the dominance of business owners in the fisheries sector is still very strong, especially in terms of sharing of benefits from fisheries. Instead, a group of workers in this sector gained only a relatively small part. Besides not the welfare of fishermen labor, domination makes this sector relies on large investors.
On the other hand, the ratio of indirect taxes fisheries sector is also low. Based on the input-output data, indirect taxes this sector is only 1.21 percent. This figure does not reach half of the average indirect tax the entire sector, which reached 3.84 percent.
The small ratio of indirect taxes is not a direct implication on the welfare of fishermen. However, this tax is actually a part of state revenue. If managed well, this acceptance can be used to help fishermen. One of them by subsidizing fishery production facilities for small fishing.
The issue of the welfare of fishermen and fishing workers it is difficult to be resolved in a tempo that is too short. Setting fishing gear, fishing area restrictions, or other rule is effective as a crash program to save the small fishermen in the short term.
Improving the welfare of fishermen and fishing workers will be difficult to achieve if the sea Indonesia is still dominated by the owners of large ships. Similarly, the structural problems relating to the distribution of operating surplus and wage system fairer.
These things that need to be addressed. Thus, the welfare of fishermen and fishing workers gradually improved. Slowly but surely, Indonesian fishermen can prosper in the sea itself.
No comments:
Post a Comment